In this paper the analysis and design of an operational amplifier is presented. This amplifier can follow the input signal from ground to supply voltage at its input and output. Based on the level of the input common mode voltage, one of two pMOS and nMOS differential pairs are selected to amplify the input signal. This causes the amplifier performance is independent of the drain current relationship of the input differential pairs transistors. Both static and dynamic currents of the class AB output stage are provided by two translinear loops with minimum sensitivity to process, temperature and supply voltage variations. The simulation results, in a 0.18  CMOS technology, show that the amplifier in nominal condition, has about 80 dB dc voltage gain, 51 MHz unity gain bandwidth and 63  phase margin while its static power consumption is almost 1 mW. For input common mode voltage changes between ground to the supply voltage, the maximum relative variations of the input differential pairs transconductances, amplifier’s dc voltage gain, phase margin and unity gain bandwidth are , ,  and , respectively. This amplifier as a buffer can drive a load consisting of parallel connection of a resistor  and a capacitor 20 pF.

To evaluate the effect of nitrogen and water withholding in vegetative growth stage of corn on efficacy of nicosulfuron and 2,4-D+ MCPA an experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Tarbiat Modares University in 2017. The first factor contained four treatments including application of nicosulfuron, 2,4-D+ MCPA, weed free and weed infested as control. The second factor consisted of normal irrigation and water withholding from 4 to 8 leaf stage. Third factor contained either urea application or no fertilizer application. Normal irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application significantly increased nicosulfuron and 2,4-D+ MCPA efficacy in weed control and total weed dry weight decreased to 341 and 361 g.m-2 respectively compared 1370 g.m-2 as weed infested. Nicosulfuron and 2,4-D+ MCPA reduced weed total dry weight significantly under irrigation withholding. Grain yield increased with application of nitrogen and nicosulfuron. Grain yield was higher with application of 2,4-D+ MCPA than nicosulfuron without nitrogen application under irrigation withholding. Application of nicosulfuron with nitrogen application provided satisfactory weed control and increased grain yield.

The Fabrication of switch capacitor Filters and continuous time CMOS circuits, with a suitable unity gain bandwidth, a high DC gain and a high quality factor are a major challenge in integrated circuits design basically. This article is proposed a novel positive feedback topology for designing of opamp kernel and then a sample of opamp based on this method by tuning of the fabrication parameters is designed. The results of simulations which are done in frequency and time domain demonstrate that unity gain bandwidth of the designed opamp is greater than 1.4GHz and DC gain is greater than 108dB that in comparison with similar designs based on positive feedback can demonstrate there are plentiful increment in unity gain bandwidth and suitable increment  in DC gain. The phase margin of the designed opamp is greater than 170 degree. Moreover, investigation of the proposed design outputs in time domain demonstrates the stability of the proposed opamp.

In physical input- output tables (PIOTS), the flows of products, instead of being expressed in monetary terms, are represented by physical measures (weight, time). Furthermore, these tables along with the traditional inter- industry transactions of monetary tables (MIOT), contain the flows between the economy and the natural environment. Thus, it is assumed that the use of natural resources by the economic system and return of the waste to the environment should be included in the process because the economy "depletes the environment beyond its regenerative capacity and pollutes it beyond its absorptive capacity." Traditional economics considers the economy as an isolated or closed system which is "a circular flow of exchange between firms and households in which neither matter nor energy enters or exits." It has no relation with its environment, while in fact it is an open subsystem of the earth's ecosystem. This standard vision is definitely useful for analyzing exchange, price formation, and income determination, but quite useless for studying the relation of the economy to the environment. The rationale behind material input- output tables, is based on the above observations. In this article after briefly examining this line of reasoning, the experience of two forerunning countries in the construction of material supply, use and input- output tables- Germany and Denmark- is presented. In explaining the subject, we have also benefited from several UN publications on System of Environmental Economic Accounting. In countries like Iran, with fragile environmental resources, this type of data and analysis, seems to be very promising.